How AMD cloned the 386 CPUContrary to popular narrative today, it didn’t take AMD six years to clone the 386 CPU. It only took AMD’s engineers about two years to reverse engineer the 386 and implement their own clean-room design on top of what they already knew from making 286 CPUs that was compatible with Intel’s 386. But the two companies battled in court for a total of eight years, until 1995, and spent a total of $100 million in the process. Intel’s goal was to keep the AMD chips off the market altogether, and where they failed at that, they settled to delay the AMD chips as long as possible. The longer the court battles dragged on, the more Intel was able to bleed AMD.
同时,也有声音好奇,跨国药企做了这么多交易,是否已经填平了一部分专利悬崖、会开始转向避险?专利悬崖确实是跨国药企关注并引入中国创新药管线的重要驱动因素,阿斯利康自身也确有相关考量。但归根结底,它更多是在为企业的布局提供方向指引,最终能解决“焦虑”的是管线够不够重磅(比如出现十亿、百亿美元级别的分子),同时也要正视临床推进可能受阻、需要寻找新替代方案的现实。这都需要时间验证,也意味着跨国药企在创新药BD上的热情和动作不会减弱。
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第二,何承训所在的吴越,没有中原那么乱。吴越钱氏几代人,通过姻亲故旧等等织就的这张大网,相对于中原来说,秩序感要强得多。所以何承训这样的中下层军官没办法像在中原五代那样嚣张,必须有他的蛰伏,在秩序下小心翼翼谋求生存。